Imagine a world without a balance, it’s quite hard to imagine things without balance,its movement becomes unstable, random or chaotic, nature is designed by our creator with balance in the interacting force among them such that it has got stability to their existence. In this article we are going to study how different forces acting on the body leads to making it balanced and unbalanced. Also we study mathematical conditions involved in balance and unbalanced forces acting on a body.

Introduction

Balance of force is created on the body when two well defined forces acting on a body which are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Because of this balance of force on the object, a stationary item will remain at stationary position while a body moving with constant speed will continue to move in the same direction. We can see an example of balance force in our room that is a book on a table. The normal force (support force) of the table balances out the weight of the book. The two forces are exactly equal and opposite to one another.

To understand further the concept of balanced force, we must have an idea of types of forces acting on the body. Before, giving light on our main topic balance force, we will discuss about the forces involved in various interaction-

Force

The idea of force was first established in Isaac Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. Force is defined as the product of mass and acceleration of a body, in accordance with Newton’s second law. An object can move, rest, or change its speed or direction with the help of force, which is an external effort used in stretching, compressing, pushing, pulling, and other comparable processes. Additionally, it modifies the item’s size or shape. Mathematical expression for calculating force are-

Force=MassAcceleration

Or

F=ma

Or

where, m is the mass of object

a is the acceleration of body on applying external force, F

The SI unit of force is N, newton and in cgs unit is dyne. A newton is a unit of force that can accelerate an object with a mass of 1 kg by 1 m/

Types of Force

Based on the interaction between body, forces are classified as-

Contact forces

Contact forces are those that only work when they make direct contact with an object.The frictional force exerted on a ball rolling on the ground in the opposite direction of the ball’s motion is an example of a contact force. Examples include muscle force, natural reaction, mechanical force, and other contact forces.

Non-Contact Forces

Non-contact forces are those that work through transitional space rather than directly contacting the body.

Non-contact forces include, for example, the gravitational force, which affects a body within its field without coming into direct contact with it. Examples of non-contact forces include electrostatic force, magnetic force, and others.

Balanced Force

If all of the forces acting on a body are added up to zero, the forces are said to be balanced.

• Forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction are said to be balanced forces.
• Balanced forces are a state of equilibrium.
• There is no change in direction when the forces are in balance.
• Balanced combined forces are always equal to zero. (Vector combining).
• Balanced forces cannot alter an object’s motion or direction.
• An object is kept traveling at a constant speed by a balanced force. (First Law of Motion of Newton).

A table stays in place when we press on it from both sides equally, which is an example of balanced force in real life. When we exert effort on the suitcase to lift it up, the net force will be zero. When we hoist a bag, the gravitational pull of the Earth on it in a vertical downward direction balances off the force we apply in an upward direction. The bag is kept vertically stable as a result.

Formulation of Balance Force

Consider and are the two forces acting on a body in opposite directions.

According to the concept of balance force, the net force acting on a body is zero. Therefore, formula for balanced force equation is given by-

Consider, for example, a book on a table with a mass of m and a weight of mg, where g is the acceleration brought on by gravity. According to Newton’s law, the table will generate an equal and opposite force, known as the normal force . The two forces will cancel each other. The object won’t move since the force’s line of action and its action are parallel.

Equation of Balanced Force is given by-

Unbalanced Force

In a layman language, the opposite of balance force is an unbalanced one. An Unbalanced force are those forces acting on a body which are unequal in magnitude, and the net force acting on a body is not zero. It always causes a change in motion, speed and direction of the object.

• The combined force is equal to the difference between two unbalanced forces acting in opposing directions.
• The combined force is equal to the sum of the two unbalanced forces acting in the same direction.
• The net force is equal to the resultant when the forces are at right angles.

Unbalanced forces cause a moving object to change direction or a stationary object to be moved. The object accelerates in the direction of the resulting force in both cases. It will keep moving as long as this force is present.

A table will start to move if we press on it from one side, as an example of an uneven force. The table that was previously immobile starts to move because the sum of our force and the frictional force is not zero. The center of the rope slides toward the team tugging with more force during a tug of war. Therefore, if the rope’s center is shifting, the forces applied by the teams on either side are not balanced, causing the rope’s center to shift to either side.

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