Black Hole: Formation, Types, and Capacity

A black hole is a cosmic body consisting of extremely high gravity from which absolute nothing, even light can not escape. It is one the strangest, but at the same time one of fascinating objects in space. Black Hole can be considered as a part of a smaller area which is packed by enormous amounts of matter.

To get it better, one very common example is there, i.e., we can think of a star ‘A’ which is approximately times to the size of the Sun, if this star ‘A’ fits into a sphere which has a diameter of New York city, then the Black Hole will be formed.

There is an object in space which is so dense that even light can not escape through it, this idea was there for centuries, but after Einstein gave his Theory of Relativity, this idea of black holes is being predicted famously.

Formation of Black Holes

A black hole is formed as a result of the death of a big star. Stars can be defined as the collection of the hydrogen atoms in adequate amounts. Here, in the core of the Star, two hydrogen atoms fuse and make one helium atom and during these fusions tremendous amounts of energy is released. The energy which is liberated here, helps to move against gravity and maintains a balance between the two forces, in the form of radiation.The stability of the star mainly depends on this fusion process that happens in the core of the star. Iron is created when lighter elements combine with the heavier ones in the stars which are more massive than the Sun. When the concentration of the iron at its core reaches up to a particular threshold, the equilibrium between the gravitation and the radiation is abruptly upset, which results in the core collapsing and bursting back on itself. It moves with one fourth of the speed of the light to supply more mass to its core.Futher, the outer layer of the stars blow away, and this dying star fits into a zero volume and density tending to infinity which is known as singularity by the crushing weight of the constituent materials crashing in all forms of directions.

The death of the stars occur in this type of supernova explosion, and depending on their masses, they turn into either a neutron star or a black hole.

Types of Black Holes

There are mainly the four types of black holes which are mentioned below:

1. Stellar
2. Intermediate
3. Supermassive
4. Miniature

Stellar is the most common way in which stars die and result as a black hole. The majority of the stars that reach their end of life stage lose their mass, expand, cool and turn into a white dwarf.

Intermediate black holes are larger than the stellar black holes and smaller than the supermassive black holes.

The miniature black holes are smaller black holes or more commonly known as quantum black holes and it was introduced by Stephen Hawking.

Can Earth be destroyed by Black Hole?

Since, not a single black hole is closer to our solar system so the Earth is far away from this danger.

The black hole can not destroy the Earth, even if the Sun is replaced by the black hole. In this case the Earth will revolve about the Sun and will not fall into it.

To learn more about the black hole, scientists use spacecraft and telescopes. These black holes are not seen by the normal telescopes which detect X-rays or any kind of electromagnetic radiation, however it is detected by the effects of the black holes on the matter of the objects nearby.

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